Multilevel barriers to clinical and nutritional research in Latin America: a socioeconomic comparative analysis.

Front Nutr · 2025 · PMC12801517 · PMID 41541196

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0830

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

borderline significancep = 0.05actually significant

Results were highly consistent with those of the chi-square analyses: participant commitment remained highly significant ( p < 0.001), frequent appointments remained significant ( p = 0.02), and language barriers showed borderline significance ( p = 0.05).

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showed a trendp = 0.082so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Likewise, respondents in medicine showed a trend toward higher participation relative to nutritionists/dietitians, the reference category (OR = 1.78, 95% CI: 0.93–3.39; p = 0.082).

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an unexpected trendp = 0.083so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Higher educational attainment displayed an unexpected trend toward lower participation (OR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.59–1.03; p = 0.083), potentially attributable to coding structure or unmeasured confounding factors.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.