borderline significanceP > 0.05
( 22 )] shifted the P-value to borderline significance (P > 0.05), although the direction of the effect consistently favored denosumab (OR < 1.0). 3.6 Assessment outcomes of the GRADE evidence grading system The certainty of evidence for each outcome was systematically assessed using the GRADE framework, which evaluates five domains: risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias.