Visual expertise for aerial- and ground-views of houses: No evidence for mental rotation, but experts were more diligent than novices.

ANOVAs found highly significant main effects of orientation difference (viewpoint dependence) for accuracy ( p < .001) ( Figure 3(a) ) and for RTs ( Figure 3(b) and (c)) ( p < .001) (Table A1 in the Appendix).

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Unlike in Experiment 2, the speed difference across groups did not reach statistical significance for the houses ( p = .051; Table A1 in the Appendix) but there was no interaction between group and experiment for RTs ( p = .196) and the ANOVA conducted on the ‘same’ condition alone (reported above) did find a significant effect of group [ F (1, 22) = 4.36; p = .049, η p 2 = 0.165].

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