‌Dual-target hUCMSCs/EVs therapy for autism spectrum disorder: remodeling gut microbiota and modulating neuroimmune crosstalk in a valproic acid-induced C57BL/6 mice model.

Administration of hUCMSCs alone resulted in a slight increase in vertical exploration, although this difference did not reach statistical significance compared to the VPA group ( P > 0.05).

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Similarly, treatment with EVs alone also showed an increasing trend, but again, the difference was not statistically significant ( P > 0.05).

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