Chest tube removal after cardiac surgery in first vs. second post-operative day: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

J Cardiothorac Surg · 2025 · PMC12822076 · PMID 41402884

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0584

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0584

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.0584so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Pooled analysis of pleural effusions was marginally higher in the early group but did not reach statistical significance (8% vs. 4.7%; RR 1.19, 95% CI 0.99 to 1.42, p = 0.0584; I2 = 26.6%) (Fig. 2 a).

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an increasing trendp = 0.0584so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

marginally significantp = 0.0584so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Results Early chest tube removal was associated with a significantly higher risk of pericardial effusion (RR 1.85, p = 0.0105), while pleural effusion showed an increasing trend with marginally significant difference (RR 1.19, p = 0.0584).

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