Minutes that matter: time-efficient high-intensity interval training improves cardiac function with transcriptomic evidence in post-myocardial infarction mice.

Group × time interactions were highly significant for LV dimensions, both LVIDd (F (4,40) = 6.57, p = 0.0004) and LVIDs (F (4,40) = 6.76, p = 0.0003), reflecting progressive dilatation in the MI-only group and attenuated increases in chamber size in the MI + HIIT group, with minimal changes in non-infarcted groups.

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Supporting this interpretation, our RNA-seq analysis revealed that the hypertrophy-inhibitory marker Rcan1 was significantly upregulated following HIIT in MI hearts, whereas classical pathological hypertrophy markers (Nppa, Nppb, and Nppc) tended to be lower, although these differences did not reach statistical significance ( Supplementary Figure S4 ).

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