Dynamic responses of gross primary productivity to compound hot extremes and drought across different geographical regions of China.

Although the SPEI in Northwest (-0.008/year) and Southwest regions (-0.003/year) show a negative trend, the magnitude of the change is very small.

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It can be seen from this that the distribution range of the occurrence frequency of compound hot extremes and droughts in Northwest and Southwest China is relatively wide, indicating that there may be significant differences in rainfall and high-temperature drought risks at different locations within these regions. 3.3.

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Results The results show that: (1) From 2001 to 2020, the interannual variation of GPP in China's six major regions showed an increasing trend, 98.84% have experienced significant warming, and 83.76% show no significant changes in drought.

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This method determines the trend of data through the parameter β , where a positive β value signifies an increasing trend and a negative β value denotes a decreasing trend.

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When | Z | ≥ 1.96, the dataset indicates a notable trend; when | Z |< 1.96, the trend is considered insignificant; S is the SPEI test statistic of vegetation; sgn is the sign function; Var ( S ) signifies the variance; n represents the temporal scal, which in this research is set at 24. 2.3.3.

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