Eco-engineered bio-based palladium MOF-chitosan-carboxymethyl cellulose composite sponge: mechanistic insights, Box-Behnken optimization, and high-performance reusability for advanced ciprofloxacin removal from wastewater.

RSC Adv · 2026 · PMC12836204 · PMID 41608478

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moderately significantno p-value reported

These visualizations highlight the pH's crucial role in boosting the adsorption efficiency, with dosage being moderately significant, aiding in defining ideal operational parameters for effective PMCC water treatment. 86 Fig. 13(c) illustrates three plot analyses: 3D surface, 2D contour, and desirability, showing the influence of pH ( A ) and contact time ( B ) on the adsorption capacity ( q e ) of CIP on PMCC.

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