Exploring the Role of Sleep and Physical Activity in Academic Stress, Motivation, Self-Efficacy, and Dropout Intention Among Italian University Students.

The Jonckheere–Terpstra test indicated a significant decreasing trend in USS and dropout intention scores, and an increasing trend in SASP scores across higher levels of sleep satisfaction.

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While the AMS Autonomous subscale showed significant differences across physical activity levels and categories of sleep quality in the Kruskal–Wallis tests, these results did not follow a clear trend, and no significant correlations emerged when sleep duration or MET–minutes/week were considered as continuous variables.

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