Effectiveness of Interventions and Control Measures in the Reduction of <i>Campylobacter</i> in Poultry Farms: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.

Foods · 2026 · PMC12840304 · PMID 41596905

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.1000

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

A highly significant effect ( p < 0.001) was observed in interventions such as organic acids, bacteriophages, plant extracts, probiotics, and organic iron complexes added to feed or drinking water; although drinking water was proven to be a more effective means of administration than feed for extracts and organic acids.

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did not reach statistical significancep > 0.10so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Organic acids, colder climates and production system showed positive estimated effects on Campylobacter prevalence, but these did not reach statistical significance ( p > 0.10).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.