Pupillary Pain Index-Guided Postoperative Pain Therapy in ENT Surgery: A Randomized Trial.

J Clin Med · 2026 · PMC12841944 · PMID 41598398

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

In contrast, within the PPI-guided group, patients undergoing nasal surgery tended to require more opioids (mean difference 3.04 mg; 95% CI −0.24 to 6.32; p = 0.069), although this did not reach statistical significance.

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