The Accuracy of Maxillary Canines' Rotation with Different Attachment Designs: A Retrospective Study.

Based on these findings, the null hypothesis—stating that attachment orientation does not affect the rotational accuracy—cannot be fully rejected in the overall model, the findings should be interpreted as indicative of a trend toward improved rotational control with oblique crescent-shaped attachments rather than definitive superiority, given the borderline significance ( p = 0.05) and the moderate effect size (d = 0.5) observed.

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The pairwise comparison between the vertical and oblique groups yielded a borderline significant p -value ( p = 0.05) accompanied by a moderate effect size (Cohen’s d = 0.54).

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While the overall ANOVA did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.09) among the three attachment groups, pairwise analysis revealed a statistically significant difference between the oblique attachments and the vertical design ( p = 0.05), favoring the former.

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