Probiotics for Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms in Cancer: A Systematic Review of Animal and Human Studies with Mechanistic Insights.

Microorganisms · 2025 · PMC12843756 · PMID 41597571

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.1000

closest p · 2.0× alpha

0.1000

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.10so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

(2014) [ 31 ] reported that PHQ-9 depression scores significantly improved within the probiotic group ( p = 0.01), while no significant change occurred in the placebo group ( p = 0.33); however, the between-group comparison did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.10) [ 31 ].

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