"Attacking" the Gut-Brain Axis with Psychobiotics: An Umbrella Review of Depressive and Anxiety Symptoms.

The green markers denote studies in which probiotic supplementation produced a beneficial or clinically meaningful reduction in depressive symptoms; the red markers denote studies in which the effect either (a) did not reach statistical significance or (b) yielded confidence intervals crossing the null value, indicating no reliable evidence of a treatment effect. 3.3.5.

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