Analysis of the Combined Toxic Effects of AFB1, DON, and OTA Complex Contamination in Caco-2, HK-2, SK-N-SH and HepG2 Cells.

Toxins (Basel) · 2026 · PMC12846503 · PMID 41591187

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highly significantno p-value reported

All data were assayed by ANOVA using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software, LSD significance test, p < 0.05 for significant difference, p < 0.01 for highly significant difference, and all the data of the results were expressed as mean ± SEM.

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showed a trendno p-value reported

The DRI values for the synergistic effects of AFB1 + DON and DON + OTA were decreased, and the DRI values for each toxin showed a trend from higher to lower synergistic effects, suggesting that the synergistic effects of the two combinations were higher under low cytotoxicity conditions, and that the toxicity of each toxin in combination was higher than that of each toxin separately.

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