Pediatric demographics and regional trends from congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract: A U.S. population-based study from 1999 to 2020.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2026 · PMC12851642 · PMID 41578526

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a nonsignificant trendno p-value reported

The average annual percent change (APC) for the entire study period was + 0.62% (95% CI: −1.34 to 2.62; P = .536), indicating a nonsignificant trend.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

This was followed by a transient increase from 2004 to 2007 (APC: +13.58%; 95% CI: –1.01 to 30.32), though the change did not reach statistical significance.

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marginally nonsignificantno p-value reported

For females, the trend was inconsistent: a nonsignificant decline from 1999–2003 (APC:–7.69%; 95% CI: –16.37 to 1.90), followed by a nonsignificant rise between 2003–2006 (APC: +18.90%; 95% CI: –16.74 to 69.80), and a marginally nonsignificant declining trend from 2006–2020 (APC:–1.21%; 95% CI: –2.52 to 0.12).

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