Rising U.S. trends in HPV-positive and HPV-negative vulvar cancer in older adults, 2000-2020.

Gynecol Oncol Rep · 2026 · PMC12855573 · PMID 41623322

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0700

closest p · 1.4× alpha

0.6000

boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significantp≈0.07so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Regression analysis testing significance between groups showed a significant difference in the slope of Non-Hispanic Whites compared to All Races (p < 0.05) and a borderline significant difference in the slope of Whites (including Hispanic) compared to All Races (p≈0.07) ( Fig. 4 ). 3.2.

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a significant trendp≈0.60not close (p > 0.1)

Individuals ages < 55 did not show a significant trend (p≈0.60).

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a notable trendno p-value reported

While causation cannot be established in observational studies, the continued rise of vulvar cancer cases in older individuals, as observed in both our previous and current analyses, is a notable trend that warrants further investigation.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.