Higher Incidence and Longer Recovery Time from Non-Contact Muscle Injuries in ACTN3 XX Genotype Players from a Soccer Academy: A Three-Season Longitudinal Study.

Sports Med Open · 2026 · PMC12860777 · PMID 41619045

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Across all players, XX carriers had the highest injury incidence (8.54 [6.54–10.39]/1000 h) followed by RX players (6.65 [5.39–7.91]/1000 h) and RR players (5.15 [4.35–5.95]/1000 h), although these differences did not reach statistical significance.

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