Changes in cognitive performance following repeated exposure to a hand-touch learning task across breed clades of domestic dogs (Canis familiaris).

Anim Cogn · 2026 · PMC12860876 · PMID 41545759

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0.7720

closest p · 15.4× alpha

0.7720

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.772not close (p > 0.1)

p = 0.044) did not reach statistical significance in Test 2 (contrast estimate [Asian Spitz – Retriever]: −0.613 ± 0.592, t = −1.035, Adj. p = 0.772) (Table 4 ).

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