Outcome of Ultrasound-Guided Versus Fluoroscopy-Guided Versus Cephalic Cutdown Permanent Pacemaker Implantation.

Cureus · 2026 · PMC12863642 · PMID 41635366

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Trends toward higher rates of diabetes and COPD/asthma were noted in the ultrasound group, though these did not reach statistical significance.

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