Instrument-based, non-cycloplegic versus cycloplegic refraction in pediatric and young adult populations (≤25 years): A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Adv Ophthalmol Pract Res · 2026 · PMC12870854 · PMID 41647053

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

The pooled mean difference was −0.28 D (95% CI: −0.64 to 0.09; P = 0.14), indicating a trend for non-cycloplegic retinoscopy to yield slightly more myopic (or less hyperopic) values compared to cycloplegic retinoscopy, although this difference did not reach statistical significance.

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