Berberine Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Impairments in Neuroplasticity and Spatial Memory by Modulating Microglial Polarization via MAPK Signaling Inhibition.

The expression levels of inflammatory factors (IL‐6, IL‐1 β , and TNF‐ α ) in the hippocampus of low BBR dose mice indicated a decreasing trend compared to the LPS group; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance (Figure 5 E–G).

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