borderline significantp = 0.051
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a borderline significant increase (Z = -1.955, p = 0.051).
The Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed a borderline significant increase (Z = -1.955, p = 0.051).
VEGF levels showed a near-significant rise (median: 4.19-6.10 pg/mL, p = 0.051), while TGF-β exhibited a non-significant upward trend (median: 35.57-36.43 ng/mL, p = 0.594).