Human newborns form musical predictions based on rhythmic but not melodic structure.

PLoS Biol · 2026 · PMC12875487 · PMID 41642755

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hedged sentence

0.0600

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0600

boldest claim

The sentences

nearly significantp = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Conversely, the same analysis predicting the subsequent (rather than preceding) IOI, yielded a nearly significant effect of surprise level (χ2(1) = 3.52, p = 0.06) but no main effect of condition (χ2(1) = 0.008, p = 0.90) and no interaction (χ2(1) = 0.70, p = 0.40).

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