nominally significantP = 0.040
In the GAMs analysis, two variables showed nominally significant effects: baseline PNS index ( P = 0.040, b splin e 1 = − 0.942 ) and gender ( P = 0.028, coefficient = − 0.1332 ), with partial effects illustrated in Figure 5 and full results reported in the Supplementary Materials ( Supplementary data online , Table S5 , Supplementary data online , Figure S10 ).