Fe-doping-driven enhancement of electronic conductivity and electrocatalytic performance in Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of chloramphenicol in pharmaceutical and milk samples.

RSC Adv · 2026 · PMC12893882 · PMID 41695422

Europe PMC DOI

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a clear trendno p-value reported

3b ) reveals a clear trend of increasing oxidation and reduction peak currents (Δ I pa and Δ I pc ) from bare SPE to Gd 2 O 3 /SPE, and further to Fe-doped Gd 2 O 3 /SPE.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

As the scan rate increased, the anodic peak current (Δ I pa ) showed a consistent rise, whereas the cathodic peak current (Δ I pc ) exhibited a decreasing trend for all electrodes.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.

Fe-doping-driven enhancement of electronic conductivity and electrocatalytic performance in Gd&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; nanoparticles for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of chloramphenicol in pharmaceutical and milk samples.

The sentences

Fe-doping-driven enhancement of electronic conductivity and electrocatalytic performance in Gd<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles for ultrasensitive electrochemical detection of chloramphenicol in pharmaceutical and milk samples.