Evaluation of three artificial intelligence chatbots for generating clinical hematology multiple choice questions for medical students.

Sci Rep · 2026 · PMC12895027 · PMID 41559279

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0800

closest p · 1.6× alpha

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boldest claim

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.08so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Although DeepSeek produced the highest proportion of higher-order cognitive questions and the lowest proportion of Knowledge/Comprehension items, the differences between the three models did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.08 for higher-order levels; p = 0.06 for Knowledge/Comprehension).

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