Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation in Liver Diseases: Epidemiology and Possible Pathophysiological Mechanisms.

While these differences did not reach statistical significance, they are in line with prior observations suggesting sex-specific disease trajectories, with male patients more prone to progression toward advanced fibrotic stages and cirrhosis, potentially reflecting differences in hormonal, metabolic, and lifestyle-related risk modifiers reported in the literature [ 75 , 76 ].

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