Subclinical Oxidative and Matrix-Regulatory Alterations Associated with Cigarette Smoking and E-Cigarette Use in Periodontally Healthy Adults: A Cross-Sectional Study.

J Clin Med · 2026 · PMC12898500 · PMID 41682707

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0500

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep > 0.05actually significant

Although PI, CAL, and BOP scores were slightly higher in EC users and CS than in NS, these differences did not reach statistical significance ( p > 0.05).

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