AI-assisted and Big-Unit teaching enhance speed-skating performance through psychological mechanisms in adolescents: evidence from a three-arm intervention study.

Front Psychol · 2026 · PMC12907373 · PMID 41704415

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

By contrast, the indirect effect via Δ self-efficacy did not reach statistical significance in the change-score models.

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highly significantno p-value reported

The primary longitudinal mixed-effects model (LMM) for 500-m time, adjusting for age, gender, and BMI, revealed highly significant main effects of Time and Group, as well as a robust Group × Time interaction.

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