Belongingness and loneliness in higher education: a meta-analysis of pre- and post-pandemic trends.

The USA, in contrast, had suboptimal comparison of −0.469 (95% CI: −0.562 to −0.375, p < 0.001), though still significant effect although less than the UK, and its association was less strong in specific countries: China, with an effect size of −0.450 (95% CI: −0.960 to 0.060, p = 0.083), and in which it did not reach statistical significance.

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