En bloc versus conventional transurethral resection for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: an expanded and updated systematic review and meta-analysis reconciling contemporary evidence on oncological, pathological, and safety outcomes.

World J Surg Oncol · 2026 · PMC12910860 · PMID 41559708

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0000

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.2400

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantP < 0.00001actually significant

When stratified by energy source, laser-based ERBT showed a profound and highly significant reduction in obturator nerve reflex compared to cTURBT (OR = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02–0.08; P < 0.00001), with no heterogeneity (I 2 = 0%).

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did not reach statistical significanceP = 0.24not close (p > 0.1)

Subgroup analysis by tumor size showed that ERBT maintained a clear benefit over cTURBT in both tumors < 3 cm (OR = 2.31, 95% CI: 1.45–3.69; P = 0.0005) and tumors > 3 cm (OR = 4.39, 95% CI: 1.69–11.40; P = 0.002), with a numerically higher effect size in larger tumors, though the difference between size subgroups did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.24).

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