Recommendations for Improving the Modeling of Wintering Waterbird Population Sizes and Trends.

3.4 Population Size and Trend Indexes Between Sampling Designs For a given species and a given modeling approach, population sizes and trends also were not consistent between sampling designs, as the same approach could yield a strong positive trend in one case and a negative trend in another, indicating that the bias was not always in the same direction (Figures 8 and 9 ).

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For example, for species C, LORI returned a positive trend for the “Unbalanced” and “Larger 10% out” sampling designs but a negative trend for the raw and “Smaller 10% out” sampling designs (Figure 9C ).

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