Risk factors for acute coronary syndrome in patients with giant cell arteritis: a scoping review.

Hypertension was more prevalent among patients with ischemic events (58% vs 31%, p = 0.017), although this association did not reach statistical significance in adjusted analysis (HR 2.51, 95% CI: 0.87–7.25, p = 0.089).

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A concurrent diagnosis of PMR showed a nonsignificant trend toward reduced ACS risk in three studies. 21 , 23 , 24 Data on clinical presentation or imaging phenotype showed no significant associations with ACS risk. 17 , 18 Importantly, although extracranial GCA may plausibly confer a different (potentially higher) risk of ACS than cranial disease, the included studies did not report subtype (cranial/extracranial/mixed) data in a sufficiently consistent manner to allow subtype-specific analyses, and whether ACS risk varies across GCA phenotypes therefore remains unclear.

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