Associations Between Gut Microbiota and Mitochondrial Metabolites, with Growth Differentiation Factor-15 as a Marker of Oxidative Stress in Heart Failure vs. Healthy Ageing.

Antioxidants (Basel) · 2026 · PMC12938193 · PMID 41750580

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.2440

closest p · 4.9× alpha

0.2440

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.244not close (p > 0.1)

Age increased across GDF groups (mean age 64.4 ± 10.4, 67.5 ± 10.7, and 70.9 ± 9.9 years in tertile 1, 2, and 3, respectively), although the difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.244).

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