Comparative Rehabilitation Benefits of Water-Based Versus Land-Based Exercise in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Life (Basel) · 2026 · PMC12941780 · PMID 41752845

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.3010

closest p · 6.0× alpha

0.3010

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.301not close (p > 0.1)

In contrast, in studies with an intervention duration of >8 weeks, the improvement in 6MWD associated with water-based exercise did not reach statistical significance (WMD = 13.45 m, 95% CI: −12.01 to 38.91; Z = 1.04, p = 0.301), and no significant heterogeneity was observed (I 2 = 0.0%, p = 0.647).

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