It can be observed that as the angle between the growth orientation and the <001> direction increases, both the average size and the area fraction of the γ′ strengthening phase exhibit an increasing trend.
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Effect of Growth Orientation on the Standard Heat Treatment Microstructure of Nickel-Based Single-Crystal Superalloy DD6.
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The sentences
The experimental results collectively reveal a clear trend: with increasing deviation of the growth direction from the ideal <001> orientation, the heat-treated microstructure evolves towards a state characterized by larger and less uniform γ′ precipitates, reduced γ′ cubicity, narrower γ matrix channels, a lower fraction of residual eutectic content, and a notably higher density of solution micropores.