From Microbiota to Defense: The Preventive Effect and Mechanism of Total Flavonoids from Sea Buckthorn Leaves in DSS-Induced Colitis.

At the phylum level, compared to the NC group, DSS induction led to structural disruption of the gut microbiota, characterized by a decreasing trend in the average relative abundance of Firmicutes and increasing trends in the average relative abundances of Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria.

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While these changes did not reach statistical significance and should be interpreted with caution, the directionality of the trends observed in the Fla intervention group—showing an F/B ratio numerically closer to the NC and Mes groups than to the DSS group—may suggest a potential modulatory effect that merits further investigation in future studies with larger sample sizes.

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