Short-Term Impact of Betaine Supplementation on Ruminal Microbial Relative Abundance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Metabolites, and Milk Composition in Heat-Stressed Dairy Cows.

Vet Med Sci · 2026 · PMC12947773 · PMID 41758063

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0600

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0600

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

ruminantium showed a trend toward a weak effect ( p = 0.06), with no significant treatment or interaction effects.

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