Effect of sand-based training on sprint performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Front Physiol · 2026 · PMC12950568 · PMID 41778195

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Off-season interventions demonstrated a moderate effect size (SMD = −0.64, 95% CI: −1.72 to 0.43), but the result did not reach statistical significance. 3.5 Sensitivity analysis Sensitivity analysis demonstrated the robustness of the findings.

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