The effect of exercise interventions on mental health in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a meta-analysis.

Front Psychol · 2026 · PMC12950696 · PMID 41777780

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hedged sentences

0.0590

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0590

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significanceP = 0.059so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Although a moderate effect trend was observed for children, it did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.059).

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a positive trendno p-value reported

4.1 Overall benefits of exercise intervention on mental health in ADHD The pooled results of this meta-analysis indicate that exercise interventions significantly improved depressive symptoms (SMD = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.13–0.71) and emotion regulation ability (SMD = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.06–0.92) in individuals with ADHD, and showed a positive trend toward alleviating anxiety symptoms (SMD = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.006–0.84).

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