Bending behavior of concrete-filled FRP wound tubular arches with internal FRP bars.

Sci Rep · 2026 · PMC12953575 · PMID 41663468

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a clear trendno p-value reported

This establishes a clear trend: the concrete core provides a stable proportional contribution of approximately 20%, while the internal FRP bars are the dominant component, contributing about 49%–53% of the total capacity.

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