Integrated Care for COPD in the Elderly: Impact on Healthcare Utilization Across Healthcare Settings.

Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis · 2026 · PMC12955597 · PMID 41783342

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

marginally significantp = 0.050actually significant

Former smokers demonstrated marginally significant reduction (OR = 1.47, 95% CI: 1.00–2.17, p = 0.050) compared to never-smokers ( Figure 2A ).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Generalized estimating equation (GEE) analysis revealed that district hospitals achieved a statistically significant reduction compared to primary care clinics (p = 0.011), while medical centers (p = 0.083) and regional hospitals (p = 0.075) showed trends toward reduction that did not reach statistical significance.

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