Multi-method characterization of neurophysiological and biological stress responses in surgical teams during real surgical procedures.

Front Neuroergon · 2026 · PMC12957276 · PMID 41788916

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0700

closest p · 1.4× alpha

0.0900

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.07so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In terms of perceived stress, Novice surgeons reported a higher subjective stress levels on self-assessment questionnaires compared to Experts, although this difference did not reach statistical significance (Student's t = 1.81; p = 0.07, r = 0.31).

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a statistical trendp = 0.09so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Similarly, the stress levels evaluated by SMEs showed no significant difference between the two groups but followed a statistical trend consistent with self-reported stress (Student's t = 1.04; p = 0.09).

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