Systematic review and meta-analysis reveal positive therapeutic effects of music in brain damage rehabilitation.

Front Integr Neurosci · 2026 · PMC12963284 · PMID 41799646

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0100

closest p · 0.2× alpha

0.1500

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantP < 0.01actually significant

The pooled analysis revealed a clear and statistically significant benefit, with a MD of 3.36 (95%CI: 2.28–4.44) and a highly significant test for overall effect (z-score = 6.11, P < 0.01).

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marginal significanceP = 0.05actually significant

In addition, outcomes related to gait balance and symmetry displayed marginal significance, with subgroup z -values of 2.00 ( P = 0.05) for gait balance general, 1.94 ( P = 0.05) for gait balance timing, and CIs for the MD overlapping zero.

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did not reach statistical significanceP = 0.15not close (p > 0.1)

The pooled findings offer a cautiously optimistic view, though overall results did not reach statistical significance (z-score = 1.45; P = 0.15).

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a positive trendno p-value reported

In the general cognition subgroup, specifically verbal memory outcomes assessed using the RAVLT, the MD was 0.91 with CIs consistently showing a positive trend (95%CI: 0.30−1.52).

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