Exogenous sphingomyelinase mediates MSC-derived EV biogenesis and enhances potency via repackaging of molecular cargo.

iScience · 2026 · PMC12964226 · PMID 41797907

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Macrophages treated with SMase-derived EVs also showed a trend of TNF-α reduction compared to UT EVs ( Figures 6 F and 6G).

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