Akkermansiaceae and Oscillospiraceae abundances showed a moderate negative correlation approaching significance (Spearman's r = −0.48, p = 0.072; Fig. 7 C), suggesting potential ecological competition between these taxa.
In contrast, the WP+M group exhibited a slight, non-significant increase compared with the WP group, indicating a possible trend toward greater microbial diversity after myricetin administration ( Fig. 6 B).
Cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is primarily observed in infants, with a global prevalence estimated at 2.0%–7.5%, and an increasing trend has been reported in recent years.