Serum Cytokine Profiles Associated with Inflammation and Tumor Progression in Crohn's Disease and Colorectal Cancer.

Int J Mol Sci · 2026 · PMC12984598 · PMID 41828384

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0900

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin measure of sampling adequacy was 0.81, and Bartlett’s test of sphericity was highly significant ( p < 0.001), confirming the suitability of the dataset for principal component analysis.

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borderline significantp = 0.07so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

For Factor 1, borderline significant differences were observed between the groups ( p = 0.07). with the highest levels noted in CD patients.

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showed a trendp = 0.09so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In CRC patients, Factor 1, comprising key Th1/Th17 cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-15, IL-17A, FGF-B, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and VEGF), reflecting pro-inflammatory and cell-mediated immune signaling, correlated with lymph node metastasis (τ = 0.27; p = 0.03), while Factor 2 showed a trend toward a negative correlation with tumor histological grade (τ = −0.22; p = 0.09).

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