Performance Comparison of a Neuro-Symbolic Large Language Model System Versus Human Experts in Acute Cholecystitis Management.

J Clin Med · 2026 · PMC12986065 · PMID 41827149

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.4120

closest p · 8.2× alpha

0.4120

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.412not close (p > 0.1)

The difference between general surgery and gastroenterology specialists did not reach statistical significance (mean difference: 3.6 percentage points; 95% CI: −3.9–11.1; p = 0.412), nor did the difference between gastroenterology specialists and emergency medicine physicians (mean difference: 7.7 percentage points; 95% CI: 0.2–15.2; p = 0.057).

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highly significantno p-value reported

Statistical comparison using independent samples t -tests with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons revealed highly significant differences between the NS-LLM system and all human expert groups.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.