Hidden Blood Loss in Biportal Endoscopic Versus Traditional Open Spine Surgery: A Retrospective Comparative Study of Risk Factors and Clinical Relevance.

J Clin Med · 2026 · PMC12986458 · PMID 41827335

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

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closest p

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boldest claim

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

171 mL) compared with open decompression, although the differences did not reach statistical significance [ 22 ].

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